2022-2023 Academic Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
Geography Major
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Geography Overview
Geography is the science of place, space, and environment. Each place on earth is distinguished by a unique mix of natural resources, cultural practices, economic activities, and political systems. Geographers study what makes each place unique and the connections and interactions between places.
With its highly ranked graduate and undergraduate programs, Clark University is one of the best places in the world to study Geography. Students have the opportunity to work with nationally and internationally known faculty to examine why places are different, how those differences shape how we live, and how we in turn shape our environment. The Geography major and minor at Clark are set up to give students a broad understanding of physical and human elements that comprise this field of study.
Clark’s School of Geography is the oldest sustained program of geography in the United States. The program is renowned for fostering a culture of innovation, which has made it a key site for the development of new topical fields and geographic technologies. Its faculty and students were pioneers in fields as diverse as human-environment, risk-hazards, critical geography, animal geography and feminist geography. The school is the only program of geography to have five of its members elected to the National Academy of Sciences and five to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The School has awarded more Ph.D.’s in geography than any other program in the United States. The National Research Council ranked Clark Geography’s doctoral program among the top five US geography programs in 2011. Clark was the only geography department in the ranking’s top ten that is located in a liberal arts, student contact intensive research university.
Special facilities include the Jeanne X. Kasperson Research Library at the George Perkins Marsh Institute, the Guy H. Burnham Map and Aerial Photograph Library, the Clark Labs for Cartographic Technologies and Geographic Analysis, and the Earth System Science teaching and research laboratories in Polar Science, Forest Ecology, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Physiology.
Undergraduate Program
Geographers use the perspectives of place and space to address societal and environmental challenges. Geographers address various questions. Why are things located where they are? What makes societies and biophysical environments different from place to place? How does location affect access to the things all species need to survive and flourish?
Geography majors, Global Environmental Studies (GES) majors, and Environmental Science (ES) majors concentrating in Earth System Science (ESS) have the opportunity to work on research projects with faculty members and graduate students in one of the most prestigious programs of geography worldwide. Summer Fellowships are available for qualified students to participate in the Human-Environment Regional Observatory (HERO) program, which is an intensive summer academic-year research effort focused on environmental change in New England. Eligible majors also have the opportunity to enter the accelerated M.S. in GIScience program. Other accelerated masters programs include International Development and Social Change, Environmental Science and Policy, and Community Development and Planning.
Geography, GES, and ESS undergraduates are served by the Clark Undergraduate Geography Association (CUGA) and Gamma Theta Upsilon.
CUGA is the voice of Geography, GES, and ESS majors, with student representation on the undergraduate studies committee and the opportunity to attend departmental meetings. CUGA representatives are able to vote at department meetings and give their ideas and opinions on various topics that concern undergraduate majors. They also attend field trips and host events, such as the annual Practicing Geography Week.
Gamma Theta Upsilon, an international geographic honors society. In order to become a member, initiates must have completed a minimum of three geography courses, have a minimum GPA of 3.3 in Geography courses and overall, and have completed at least three semesters of college course work. For more information on Gamma Theta Upsilon please see their official website.
Major Requirements
Students majoring in Geography must take 11 Geography courses in accordance with the following guidelines.
Double Majoring
All majors must complete 11 Geography courses in accordance with the plan described in the University Catalog. Two credits at most can count simultaneously for a first and a second major, subject to the approval of the faculty advisor in each department. University rules that dictate Double majors are on the Academic Advising website.
Pass/Fail
Credits with a grade of “Pass” count towards the major only in the case of Internships to fulfill the Capstone requirement. Other types of credits that are registered as Pass/No Record do not count towards the major.
Substitutions
All majors must complete 11 “GEOG” courses, which are listed in the Academic Catalog or if they have received approval from their faculty advisor and the Chair of the Undergraduate Studies Committee to substitute a non-geography course into the program.
To substitute a non-geography course to count towards a geography requirement, the student must obtain approval of the faculty advisor by completing the Petition to Replace a Geography Requirement form, found on the Geography Website.
If a student has approval to count a non-geography course towards one of the geography requirements, then the student is still required to complete 11 GEOG courses total.
Research/Internship Credits
Students are urged to take advantage of internship opportunities. Learn about opportunities by visiting our Careers and Internships website, reading Geography’s Resources on our Moodle page, or contacting Career Services at 508.793.7258 or careers@clarku.edu. If students satisfy the requirements for the internship to count as an academic credit at Clark, then the internship can count as an Elective Course or Capstone toward the Major, subject to the approval of the Advisor.
Transfer Credits
Transfer credits are evaluated on a case-by-case basis for major or minor credit. If you have transferred to Clark from another university, or if you have taken courses elsewhere that you want to count as a major or minor requirement, then consult the Academic Advising Center to assist with the process.
Four Core Courses
Core courses emphasize fundamental geographic concepts over four distinct areas of study. Courses in the core are designed to build frameworks for understanding the earth, space, and place in a physical and human context. We strongly encourage students to take the core courses early in the program, not only because it will provide a more thorough understanding of the different areas of study in Geography, but also because core courses are often prerequisites for 200-level courses. Majors must select at least one course from each of the following four core areas. In special cases, a 200-level course may be used to fulfill a core course requirement, subject to the approval of the student’s adviser and either the chair of the undergraduate studies committee or the director of the school.
1. Human Environment Geography Core
Analyzes the ways that human societies have used, shaped and constructed nature; impacts of societies, economies and cultures on ecological systems; and societal and environmental consequences of the interaction. Examples of research and practice: environmental policy and practice, food systems, agriculture, animal geographies, international development, natural resource extraction, water resource management, socio-environmental movements and conflicts, sustainability, land use, vulnerability, environmental change, resilience, hazards, and more.
Core courses in Human Environment Geography
2. Urban Economic Geography Core
Examines the ways that space and location shape economic, sociopolitical and cultural life; ways that economic, sociopolitical and cultural factors shape space and location; and relationships between these processes and the dynamics of urban life. Examples of research and practice: socio-spatial dynamics of cities, economies, and industries, theories and discourses of economic development, innovation and entrepreneurship, social movements, legal geographies, place-making processes, critical social theory, urban politics, globalization, sustainability, political ecology, and more.
Core courses in Urban Economic Geography
3. Earth System Science Core
Examines how the Earth system (ecosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere) naturally functions, how these systems interact with one another, and how they are affected by humans. Examples of research and practice: terrestrial ecosystems, global change, surface water, cold-region hydrology, terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry, polar climate change, forest ecology, glaciology, landscape and disturbance ecology, and more.
Core courses in Earth System Science
4. Geographic Information Science Core
Examines the acquisition, analysis and communication of geographic information; principles and techniques important in cartography, remote sensing, geographic information systems and spatial analysis. Examples of research and practice: conservation GIS, land change modeling, image time series analysis, image classification, decision support, system development, remote sensing of the cryosphere, remote sensing of forest ecosystems, and more.
Core course in Geographic Information Science
One Skills Course
Students must take one skills course. Skills courses give students the opportunity to acquire and apply research, literacy, numeracy, and mapping skills for generating and interpreting knowledge. Our goal is for students to become critical thinkers and to have an understanding of how knowledge is created. Skills courses must be either offered by the Geography Department or offered by other departments with a Geography attribute.
Geography Skills Courses:
Four Elective Courses
The Geography major requires four elective Geography courses. The four electives must consist of one course at the 100 level or above and three courses at the 200 level or above.
Research Methods
GEOG 141 is required for all students majoring in Geography. It is advised that students complete this course before taking 200-level courses in Geography, preferably during the sophomore year. Research Methods is offered at least once per year, typically in the spring semester.
Comparable courses in other departments may be substituted for the Geography Research Methods course with the approval of the major advisor and the Chair of the Undergraduate Studies Committee. However, this does not reduce the total number of Geography courses required for the major. Thus, majors for whom a substitution has been granted will need to take an additional Geography course to ensure that a total of 11 Geography courses are taken.
Capstone Requirement in Geography
One Capstone credit is required for the Geography major. At the university level, a capstone is defined as an experience - a course in the major or an independent project - through which students apply integrative learning. A capstone requires a complex individual or group project that is substantially defined and carried forward by the student and demonstrates accomplishment of Clark’s Liberal Education goals, especially a capacity to practice within an academic or professional field effectively.
To meet the Capstone requirement in the Geography major, the student must earn a 200 or 300 level credit. Geography students may choose four ways to earn the capstone credit. The student’s capstone advisor will help determine how any particular credit satisfies the capstone criteria. The advisor will make this determination based on the purpose of the capstone, which is for the student to integrate content and skills in Geography, as applied to a particular topic.
Capstone Types
1. A 200 or 300-level Geography course that qualifies according to the course’s professor and major’s advisor.
A 200 or 300 level Geography course can count as a capstone course. The professor of the course determines capstone eligibility as evidenced by whether the professor signs the capstone form a the beginning and end of the course. Such a course usually involves a project that synthesizes skills and knowledge in Geography.
2. Research experience (GEOG 299)
Students may enroll in directed study for a research experience. They may do so via two main avenues:
- A research project conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. Students typically enroll in GEOG 299.
- Work done in collaboration with a research group or team, for instance, in which students may contribute as a research assistant. Examples of such projects and research teams include, but are not limited to: Human Environment Regional Observatory (HERO) program; Forest Ecology Research Lab (FERL); Biogeosciences Research Group; Extractive Industries Research Group; and the Polar Science Research Laboratory. Most such research opportunities have a separate, competitive application process. Students accepted into these research groups will be advised on how to register for academic and capstone credit.
3. Internship (GEOG 298)
An internship credit can count as a capstone course. The student must identify a faculty sponsor and apply to the Career Connections Center for academic credit the semester before the internship commences. The internship must directly contribute to the student’s experiential learning relevant to Geography. Once the internship is completed, the student submits a synopsis of the internship experience or other materials as agreed on with the faculty sponsor and the Career Connections Center.
4. Honors thesis (GEOG 297)
A credit of Honors thesis qualifies as a capstone course.
Capstone Form and process: Each student proposing a capstone must obtain the signature of a faculty advisor for the capstone. Before registration for the 200-level credit and beginning the qualifying activity, the student must complete and submit the Capstone Form. The student, the major advisor, and the capstone advisor sign the Capstone form and submit the form to the Administrator of Degree Programs. Upon completion of the capstone work, the form is then updated, signed by all parties and then resubmitted. It is the student’s responsibility to coordinate all processes necessary outside of the departmental requirements i.e. internship registration, any other Clark forms needed, etc. All students completing capstones are strongly encouraged to present their work during ClarkFest or Fall Fest.
Honors Program in Geography
The Honors Program in Geography gives eligible students the opportunity to conduct a research project. To graduate with honors, a student must complete a two-semester honors project conducted under the supervision of two faculty members: the honors supervisor, and the honors reader. The honors supervisor must be a Geography faculty member. Students are encouraged to perform the honors project during the spring semester of the junior year and fall semester of the senior year. Geography Honors is open to juniors who, by the end of the first semester of the junior year, have a minimum grade point average of 3.25 overall and 3.50 in the Geography major, and who have an intended honors supervisor who has agreed to supervise the project for two semesters. For full information on the Honors Program, please view the Geography Guide to Undergraduate Honors, linked on our website.
Geography Faculty and Staff
Program Faculty
Yuko Aoyama, Ph.D.
Anthony Bebbington, Ph.D.
Asha Best, Ph.D.
Mark Davidson, Ph.D.
Lyndon Estes, Ph.D.
Abby Frazier, Ph.D.
Karen Frey, Ph.D.
Dominik Kulakowski, Ph.D.
Deborah Martin, Ph.D.
James McCarthy, Ph.D.
James T. Murphy, Ph.D.
Gustavo Oliveira, Ph.D.
Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr, Ph.D.
Max Ritts, Ph.D.
John Rogan, Ph.D.
Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Ph.D.
Florencia Sangermano, Ph.D.
Christopher A. Williams, Ph.D.
Adjunct Faculty
Edward Carr, Ph.D.
Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger, Ph.D.
Affiliate Faculty
B. L. Turner, Ph.D., Distinguished Research Professor
Research Faculty
J. Ronald Eastman, Ph.D.
Emeriti Faculty
Martyn Bowden, Ph.D.
Jody Emel, Ph.D.
Susan Hanson, Ph.D.
Douglas Johnson, Ph.D.
William A. Koelsch, Ph.D.
Laurence A. Lewis, Ph.D.
Robert Mitchell, Ph.D.
Samuel Ratick, Ph.D.
Dianne Rocheleau, Ph.D.
Henry J. Steward, Ph.D.
Staff
Brenda Nikas-Hayes, Department Administrator and Assistant to the Director
Yaa Poku, Administrator of Degree Programs
Aidan Giasson, Office Coordinator and Asst. to the Dept. Admin.
Hilary Laraba, Managing Editor, Economic Geography
Geography Courses
Courses offered within the last 2 Academic Years
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